Earth’s magnetic field, called the geomagnetic field, is the magnetic field that extends from the earth’s interior out into space. When the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emanating from the sun, interacts with the earth’s magnetic field, most of them are trapped in the Van Allen radiation belt and protects the earth from the harmful charged particles and cosmic rays. The earth exhibits like a bar magnet in which the North geographic pole actually represents the South pole of the earth’s magnetic field, and conversely the South geographic pole corresponds to the North pole of the earth’s magnetic field. The scientists described the cause of the earth’s magnetism that the magnetic field is generated by electric currents due to the motion of convection currents from a mixture of molten iron and nickel in the earth’s outer core; these convection currents are caused by heat escaping from the core, a natural process called a geodynamo. The circulating ions that are highly conducting in the outer core of the earth result in the formation of the current loops. These current loops are the reason behind the formation of the magnetic field. Then paleomagnetism is developed to measure the magnetism in rocks that was induced by the earth’s magnetic field. In this paper, cause of the earth’s magnetism is enlightened in a new way. The existence of molten iron and nickel in the earth’s outer core is incorrect; because of this high temperature evolving in the outer core of the earth, the materials in other layers also melt. Actually the cause of the earth’s magnetism is the interaction of electric fields (electric current) induced by the solar wind (coronal discharge) and the movement of the earth including both rotations about its own axis and the sun as per Faraday and Lenz’s laws of electromagnetic induction. For this cause, all other planets and the satellites (e.g., moon) in the solar system are having magnetic field which obstructs the maximum high energy particles from the sun (solar wind) to discharge on their surfaces.
Earth’s magnetic field; Solar wind; Van Allen radiation belt; Convection currents; Geodynamo; Paleomagnetism; Laws of electromagnetic induction
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